Key Vocabulary

Now some of these things that we’re going to look at will make a little bit more sense once we actually look at the graph.

But I just want to go over some of the basic words we need to know before we get into that description.

So first one analysis or analysis is a noun analyze is the verb form analysis means you study something and then you decide what it could mean and you interpret it.

You don’t just look at it and say what’s there.

You look at it maybe say what’s there and then ask yourself.

So what does this tell me about the world.

What does this tell me about this topic.

Whatever it may be.

So analysis kind of means studying something more deeply thinking about something more deeply and telling yourself or telling others what it actually means on a higher level.

So you would look at data study data analyzed data and then hopefully come to a higher or better understanding of the topic or your own opinion maybe.

OK.

Now fertility this might not make sense.

Now why am I talking about this.

But this just means it’s related to birth women giving birth.

We’re going to look at a graph that shows fertility.

That means the number of babies born.

How many babies are born.

So when we hear things like fertility rate we’re talking about usually how many children women give birth to maybe in a country maybe in a city.

What’s the fertility rate.

And that’s going to be an average case on average an average.

I think you know it in averages if you add them all together and divide by the total number you have the average fertility rate.

OK trends now a trend is usually a way to talk about the direction that something is happening in.

Now one way to talk about a trend is to is to discuss fashion.

Oh very cool right now.

This is a trend.

This is a trend but you could also talk about trends like this.

Well every summer maybe the price of this type of clothing gets more expensive and it happens every year.

So it didn’t just happen once.

OK.

So that’s a trend.

So something happens on a more regular basis or happens more frequently or it’s easy to predict that it will happen again.

Usually we use this word.

It’s used also in the fashion sense too.

They’re related but not exactly the same.

OK.

So analysis fertility by the way the opposite of fertility just to mention that quickly is mortality.

Mortality is related to the opposite of birth which is death.

So if you ever hear someone say high mortality you’re talking about a lot of people dying.

GDP per capita.

Now I guess you probably know GDP this is gross domestic product and this represents basically how wealthy a country is.

Sometimes you’ll see GDP per capita.

Don’t be confused.

It’s pretty simple actually.

Let’s imagine that let’s imagine that in a year a country makes 1000 dollars.

Let’s say this country has 1000 people.

So the GDP per capita is 1.

So basically all you do is you take the total GDP and you divide by the total number of people.

Then you have the GDP per capita.

So on average how much money does each person have in a year.

Basically that’s GDP per capita.

And some people say it’s not a good way to judge how much money people have because you could have five people with billions of dollars and a million people with ten dollars.

Right.

So maybe not the best way to talk about how much money everybody has.

But it’s a it’s a way to measure the wealth.

You could say the wealth or status of a country’s economy.

OK decline and drop.

Now if you see something going down there’s less of something less money less people whatever it may be.

We often say there is a decline in that.

For example recently we’ve seen a decline in violence a decline in violence.

Violence means maybe crime where people get hurt.

OK.

Why.

Oh maybe there I don’t know.

Maybe there are more police.

Maybe that culture is changing.

Whatever it may be there is a decline in violence but that doesn’t tell us how quickly that’s happening it may be over 10 years unless we say how long that is we could say over a six year period there was a major decline in violence.

OK.

If it’s sudden though then we’ll probably use the word drop and we might even say a sharp a sharp drop.

It’s if it’s sudden if you look at a graph and it goes straight down sharp decline you could say that or a sharp drop or a drop doesn’t have to be over a period of time.

It could be.

Well anything on a graph that goes like this you could say a sharp drop in the opposite of that would be rise.

A sharp rise in crime a sharp rise in income.

How much money people make for example sharp suggests it looks like this.

The line in the graph looks like this.

So I think this will make more sense once we actually look at the graph.

Let’s just take a look at it.

Talk about what it means then we’ll look at how we can actually describe it.