Vocabulary for Graphs with a Trend

Hi everybody. Welcome back. Now we’re going to move into another news section today Section 5 which is called Writing the response and this section is all about the vocabulary which you use to write to your response. Now the following few lectures are going to focus on vocabulary that we use in each of the task types. So we’re going to begin by looking at the vocabulary that we use when we write about graphs with a trend. So let’s get started. Here on the right we can see another graph of the trend line graph which is looking at three bakery’s and how much money they earn in a particular decade. The most important language for trend graphs is language of as you might guess trends. This means a mixture of particular verbs and adverbs and adjectives and nouns these words will describe both the direction and the degree of changes in graphs with the trend. We use this language because we’re aiming for accuracy and relevance. We need to make sure that we’re picking out the correct verbs adverbs adjectives and nouns and we will begin by looking at the verbs. Now down at the bottom of this table you can see a number of different verbs. Some of them phrasal verbs. These all describe particular trends and those trends you can see as the titles of the columns in the tables above. So do they describe increases or decreases big increases or decreases. I’d like you to pause the video here and see if you can work out which verb matches to which column. And when you’re ready you can press play correct. Hopefully you have some answers. Let’s see if your answers match up with the table if any of these words are new to you. I would recommend that you just quickly look them up in a dictionary perhaps look for a quick example of how they might be used. But each of these can be used to describe a particular trend. OK now I want you to look at the verbs on the right. The big increases and the big decreases. Now it’s unlikely that you would use an add verb with the verbs on the right because the verbs themselves already carry an idea of degree. They say that it’s big. So a big increase a big decrease. This is the idea that’s carried within the verb. Therefore we will not use adverbs with those but with the verbs on the left. These verbs can be modified somewhat by adverbs. And actually it’s good if we can use adverbs because it offers us a greater degree of precision. Now you can see now on the right hand side there is a table for adverbs and we have a number of different meanings there. And what I would like you to do is see if you can work out which verb matches to which type of change. Again you compose the video and when you’re ready you can press play. Hopefully you’ve got the same as me here. And the adverbs on the right hand column all match up with what they’re describing in the left hand column. Let’s see if we can test you here by putting out a paragraph. What I want you to do is to see if you can work out which verbs and adverbs go into the blue caps and let the first letter in there to help you looking at the details with regards to bake my day income remained at a steady low of around £20000 between 1990 and 1992 after which it soared to over 40000 in 1993. So big change a big increase following this takings rose steadily to reach 70000 in 1998. So that’s a consistent rise as not much change. There’s not much up and down it’s a consistent rise slipping to 60000 in 1999. Now we also need to use these verbs and adverbs in conjunction with nouns and adjectives and other nouns of most verbs are quite simple but there are a couple that are a little bit different. Most of the time they are of the same form the same infinitive form of the verb but just be careful with those exceptions things like gross instead of grow or recovery instead of recover fluctuation instead of fluctuate but most of these will be the same. Now we use these with adjectives and again adjectives are fairly simple to most of the time we’re just cutting off the L Y or the A L L Y part of the word maybe adding an E on the end. You can see the adjectives here. When you’re using these adjectives and nouns make sure to use the verbs saw experienced and witnessed when describing the change to the unit of measurement. For example consumptions saw a dramatic fall. OK now let’s have a look at another example paragraph as before. What I want you to do is to see if you can fill in the gaps with appropriate words. In this case nouns and adjectives which describe trends and when you’re ready you can press play to see if you’ve got the right answers. So here we go. As for the cake shop. Asked a slight growth to just under 100000 pounds earnings so a considerable decrease to around 50000. In 1996 half the figure of five years earlier there was a leveling off for the next three years. But this was followed by another small fall to just above forty thousand pounds in 1999. The final thing that we want to think about here is is again related to trends really you cannot have a trend without a period of time. So here we’re going to look at vocabulary for generations. As I mentioned when we describe grass with the trend we are describing periods of time and what happens in those periods of time. Therefore we need to have a wide range of vocabulary for describing different periods of time. This is a really brief look at a few different ways that we can talk about different periods of time whether within that time certain moments or situations that start with certain moments looking at for example the beginning we might say at the beginning of the period we might say originally you might say at the start of the period nice and simple nothing revolutionary here but it’s important to have this range at the end by the end of the period by the periods and in the final month year week of the period whatever you’re measuring. And now let’s have a look at the whole thing the entirety of the period here is where we use some actually some common complications over the period in question. Notice is not the question over the period in question over the period covered by the graph throughout the period throughout the measured period throughout the recorded period throughout the study period. You’ll see language like this pop up here and there throughout the duration of this course try to pay attention to when it does happen because that give you an idea about when we should use language like this finally let’s have a look at specific periods of time like a hundred years or 50 years. How can we talk about a hundred years in a different way. And how can we talk about 50 years in a different way try to link it to the idea of 100 years we could say a century for 50 years we could say a half century but about 10 years or five years. Or we could say a decade. Well we could say a half decade. And this one might feel like the most obvious one. What about 12 months and six months. Of course it will be a year. But notice that we don’t say a half year that’s not really an expression that we use so we need to say half a year over half a year between January and June July whatever it is for example. So as I say brief look at graph with the trend language and in the next lecture we’re going to focus more on comparative language a lot of which can actually be used in Graaff with the trend language as well.