Vocabulary for Maps

Welcome back.

In this video I’ll be teaching you about the vocabulary words that you need when you’re describing maps.

So this is what a map question looks like.

Essentially you have two maps.

One is a before version of the map and the other is the after version of the map.

OK so sometimes you may have dates on the maps other times there may be no dates on the maps now since

we’re talking about vocabulary in this video.

I want you to first of all pay attention to the vocabulary words that are already available to you.

So if you look at the map here you’ll see that you already have many vocabulary words to work with.

For example here we see the word beach.

Here we have.

See here we have restaurant accommodation pier.

Farmland Forest Park and so on.

So be sure to use these vocabulary words when you’re describing the changes in the maps.

Now we’ll be taking a look at the vocabulary words for describing the different types of changes that

you see on a map so there are several different types of changes that are possible.

Let’s start off with additions sometimes.

You’ll notice that new items have been introduced into the map.

These new items can include some kind of for construction of building or hospital railway lines or river.

And so one so in such a case where you have new changes that are being added to a map you can use any

of these words here.

So you’ll notice that here we have the verb form of the word.

And here we have the noun form of the word.

OK so we have verb and in the parentheses we have the noun.

So let me give you an example of how to use these words.

Let’s say that a new change was added to a map.

In this case you can say something like many changes were introduced in the city in 2005.

Next you may notice that sometimes certain items have been removed from the map.

They’ve been taken away.

In this case you can use these words here.

OK so again we have the verb here and the noun in the parentheses.

So if you want to say that something has been removed from a map then you may say something like after

the removal of trees a parking lot was created so you can also use the noun form to describe the change

or the verb form sometimes certain items are made bigger in a map.

So in this case you can say that the item was expanded extended enlarged and so one for example you

may say the size of the housing area was expanded by 2005.

On the other hand sometimes things are made smaller in a map.

In this case you can use words such as reduce or reduction shrink or shrinking and so on.

So you may say the size of the housing area was significantly reduced by 2005.

Now we already know that when you have two maps there is going to be some kind of a change but there

are many different types of changes.

And to describe these types of changes you can use the words here such as transform or transformation

rebuild or rebuilding and so on.

So you may say something like the city underwent a major transformation by the year 2005.

Lastly here are the specific types of changes that you may see in your map.

These types of changes include urbanization pedestrian ization modernization and so on.

I also want you to note that you can use these words listed here as adjectives.

For example you can use the words residential urban modern industrial and rural to describe the map.

I also want you to note that when you’re describing your map you may combine any of these words together

when constructing your sentence.

So here’s an example where we combine the different words from this table.

You may say after the demolition of trees the city was urbanized into a modern landscape so be sure

to know how to use all of these different words to describe the different types of changes that you

see on a map next.

Let’s talk about directions.

Here we have an image of a compass.

A compass is what we use for directions.

So when you have a map you’ll have to describe the directions of the different things that are on the

map so if the things are on the top we say north.

If the things are on the bottom we say south.

If the things on the map are on the right hand side we say East.

And if they’re on the left hand side we say West and we call the middle of the map.

The center.

Now there are additional directions that fall between these points.

So let’s take a look at those if you’re describing something that is on the top right corner of the

map then you have to use the direction northeast if you’re describing something that’s on the lower

right hand side of the map.

Then you have to say se if you’re describing something that is on the lower left hand side of the map.

You have to say Southwest.

And if you’re describing something that’s on the top left hand corner then you have to say Northwest

so northeast falls between north and east southeast falls between south and east and so on so let’s

look at an example where we use the different directions to describe where the different things are

on a map.

As a side note oftentimes on the map question you’ll see this symbol here this symbol describes the

directions that are on the map.

So N stands for North W for West.

As for S E for E and then an E stands for NE and W for Northwest.

And so one so let’s start with our examples.

Here we have a hospital and we want to describe the location of this hospital so you may say a new hospital

has been built in the northwest of the town.

OK so this here is the Northwest.

Remember Northwest is the top left hand corner of the map.

Here we have a park.

So you may say a park has been established just east of the new hospital.

OK.

So here we used the phrase just east of now notice that East is actually the right hand side of the

map.

However we’re not saying that the park has been established to the east of the map.

Instead we’re saying that the park has been established to the east of the hospital so the east of the

hospital means to the right side of the hospital.

Here is another example a restaurant has been constructed to the east of the new hospital.

Now notice that again we’re using e to mean the right hand side.

And in this case we’re using the hospital as our reference point.

So we’re not saying that the restaurant has been constructed to the east of the map.

We’re saying it has been constructed to the east of the new hospital.

Now you may be wondering what exactly is the difference between just east of and to the east of while

there is a difference when you say just east of it means right next to OK.

It means it’s very close very close.

But when you say to the east of it means that it may not be very close.

OK so that’s the difference between just east of and to the east of one is closer than the other here’s

another example to the southeast of the town.

A hotel has been developed now this time we are talking about the southeast of the map or the southeast

of the town.

So if you’ll remember Southeast means the lower right hand side of the map.

Finally we have a new street has been laid stretching from East to the south west.

So here we have a new street that has been laid and we’re describing the two end points of the street.

So we’re saying that the street starts in the east side of the map and it ends in the south west of

the map.

So south west if you remember again is the lower left hand side of the map so that’s how we use north

south east west northwest northeast southeast and southwest to describe the different directions on

a map.

Notice that you don’t have to just use the map as the reference point to describe the directions.

You can also use other things that are already on the map as your reference points.

So instead of saying that a park has been established in the north of the map you can also say a park

has been established just east of the new hospital Now let’s look at some other examples for describing

maps.

So here’s an example of something that you may see on your task one essay.

Here we have a map of a university.

So let’s look at the different ways in which you can describe this map if you’re describing the chemistry

block and the parking area.

You may say the parking area is across the chemistry block OK across means in front of the parking area

is in front of the chemistry block.

Now instead of saying a cross you can also use other synonyms you can see across from or in front of

so you can say the parking area is in front of the chemistry block.

Let’s see another example.

Now you can also turn this sentence around and say the chemistry block is behind the parking area so

you can either use the chemistry block as the reference point or you can use the parking area as the

reference point to describe your map notice that instead of saying behind we can use other synonyms

such as to the back of.

So you can say the chemistry block is to the back of the parking area.

Here is another example.

If we want to describe the road that runs in the middle of the map we can say the main road runs through

the center of the map in this case.

We’re using the map as a reference point but note that you can also use other things that are on the

map as the reference point to describe the location of the road instead of saying runs through you can

use other synonyms such as go through passes through crosses or runs along.

So you can say the main road goes through the center of the map instead of saying center you can use

other synonyms like middle.

So you can say the main road runs through the middle of the map.

Now let’s describe the library and the physics block we can say the physics block is next to the library.

In this case we’re using library as a reference point to describe the location of the physics Block.

Instead of saying next to you can also say adjacent to beside opposite to near or close so you may say

the physics block is adjacent to the library here’s another example the biology block is between the

library and parking area.

So in this case we’re using the library and the parking area as our reference point to describe the

location of the biology block now.

Instead of saying between you can use other synonyms such as in the middle of so you can say the biology

block is in the middle of the library and parking area.

Here’s another example the admin building is located in the southeast area.

Now instead of saying located you can use other words such as is situated lives or simply is.

So you may say the admin building is situated in the southeast area instead of saying area you can say

region sector section or part so you may say the admin building is located in the southeast region.

Here are some more vocabulary words let’s say that you have a map like this.

In this case we’re trying to describe the location of the lecture theatre and the science laboratories.

So you may say the lecture theatre overlaps the science laboratories overlap just means that one thing

is partially covering another thing.

So in this case the lecture theatre is partially covering the same area as the science laboratories.

So in this case we use the word overlap.

Here is another example.

The library connects to the shuttle bus terminal.

So here we have the library.

And here we have the shuttle bus terminal.

Notice that here we have a little pathway that connects the library and the shuttle bus terminal.

So to describe this connection we can say the library connects to the shuttle bus terminal now instead

of saying connect to.

You can also use other synonyms such as joins or leads to so you may say the library joins the shuttle

bus terminal.

Now here we have two footpaths and we’re trying to describe these two footpaths that are running through

the middle of the map so you may say two footpaths adjacent to the shuttle bus terminal run parallel

to each other.

So here we have two foot paths and they’re adjacent to the shuttle bus terminal meaning that they are

next to the shuttle bus terminal and we’re saying that they run parallel to each other meaning that

they run alongside each other.

So instead of saying run parallel to we can also use other synonyms we can say are parallel to or run

along or run alongside so you may see two footpaths adjacent to the shuttle bus terminal run alongside

each other here’s our last example.

We’re trying to describe this little region of the map here so to describe this you may say a foot path

intersects the main road leading from the terminal.

OK so intersect means that when one thing crosses over or goes through something else.

In this case we have the footpath which is going through the road.

So in this case you can use the word intersect instead of saying intersect.

You can also say cut through.

So you may say a footpath cut through the main road leading from the terminal so I hope that by now

you know how to describe the different directions and the locations of the different things on the map.

This was our final video for the ingredients section and we’re now going to be moving on to the next

part of this course which is the recipe in the recipe part of this course.

I’ll show you exactly how to construct your task one essay.

So I hope you’re enjoying this course so far and I’ll see you in the next video in which we’ll start

to discuss the recipe for writing a great essay.